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The little chips we call 'hall sensors' have rather more inside them than just the sensing element, so they can be made sensitive to specific magnetic field changes.

Trump will outlaw fire on the 20th.

Because the original purpose was to allow EAPCs very limited power in their legal guise as bicycles, and power permitted by rating allows unlimited power! Nothing to stop a manufacturer rating a 1,000kW motor as 250W in the current arrangements.

No, I'm not wanting to make rules, and as I said earlier my view, quite strongly influenced by the extensive discussion in this very thread, is that I am not really bothered about actual power output PROVIDED those EAPCs modified or built with peak output power capability way beyond 250W are...

Hub motors are quite interesting, because of the wide range of operating conditions they have to manage. Change to the law is highly unlikely, but it would not be difficult or particularly expensive with modern electronics and software to devise a test and a standard that was fit for purpose...

What would be interesting to see tested in court (has it ever been? I'm too new to all this to know the history) a motor capable of indefinitely operating at say 500W without overheating, but 'rated' at 250W. Such a motor passes the measurement test, because the test is designed to assess...

Might have been 'continual upside down child syndrome'.

The notion in your last paragraph still makes perfect sense! Maximum power capability doesn't matter if speed is capped, as you can't use much at 25km/h. Strict enforcement of that is relatively simple. That does seem to be the focus of some police forces.

I've fixed a couple of kids' bikes locally, which did need bleeding. Low mileage, fairly new, but lever all the way to the bars. Back to perfect after bleeding. I can't explain how they came to need bleeding, but they did.

I find it quite hard to believe that limiting power to 250W was not the intention! As a legislator, why would you say if you didn't mean it? It falls apart in a practical sense because of the lazy reuse of a test methodology that was designed to assess minimum continuous power rather than...

There are some compatibility issues between plastics and greases to be aware of. I unhelpfully can't remember what they are!

I like the neatness, but a bespoke rubber boot tight to the cable and axle with a little drain hole in the bottom would satisfy me more than sealant.

There are ways of using multiple batteries connected at the same time, but you wouldn't choose that route unless there is a real need. Much simpler and inherently safer to carry extra batteries for more range but only connect one at a time. In the simple 'generic' world, you can buy devices...

A very complicated way to avoid buying a battery charger! The charging aspect will not work safely because that 'backdoor' bypasses the BMS. Connecting the two batteries in a way the manufacturer did not intend is also likely to be problematic. If both are CANBus chances are it will confuse...

...in strict technical terms, for a generic two wire charger, all you need is a tightly regulated 42V power supply, limited to whatever trickle current you want to use. A bench power supply can do this. But the BMS still has the last word, and will turn off charging when current falls below the...

Why? The fairly standard 2A charge rate is low enough for safe charging of any normal capacity ebike battery, and it is bad practice to leave a lithium ion battery constantly on charge. Why bad practice? Because if the safety measures built in to the BMS fail to stop charging, a fire or...

They might struggle to identify the charger voltage and possibly even the battery cell configuration after the fire, so will be hard to pin down. These news reports serve more than one purpose - the more times the basic safety issues and measures are mentioned the better.

Get yourself a bleed kit, only a few quid, and some proper Shimano mineral oil brake fluid, you will need to bleed them eventually. The cheaper Shimano hydraulics like MT200 work pretty well, and are easy to bleed, but the pistons don't always adjust their resting position as the pads wear...

The problem with the test is that it was designed before ebikes existed, and for the purpose of ensuring motors are fit for purpose by being NOT LESS THAN a certain continuous power capability! It doesn't impose any restriction on maximum power. Unless the language inside EN15194 but outside of...

My battery charger will not charge the battery if temperature is too low. It is fine when it warms up. Maybe yours is doing something similar. Don't leave it charging overnight obviously, but you could bring the battery indoors overnight and see if it charges OK in the morning.