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maybe something to do with the way your 14 gauge flexible wire is manufactured. Maybe its flexibility is obtained by twisting the conductor around a flexible string. If that is the case, the length of wire you use forms a small solenoid whose impedance increases with the frequency of the current...

no idea. Can you explain?

no. If you have a crank drive kit, then yes, you can drill a hole through the aluminium battery base and 2 holes would have suffice. If you have a hub kit, the controller is integrated into the aluminium base, so you can't drill through the aluminium base. You will have to drill into your...

here is a summary comparison between the two types, MOSFET vs IGBT for a 500W switching device, similar to e-bike controllers. https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-IGBT_or_MOSFET_Choose_Wisely-Article-v01_00-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a40153574048b73edc If you use IGBT, you need to add the...

the Rio can be ridden by small riders, 5ft4 to 6ft. Best fit: 5ft7. For taller riders (5ft8-6ft2), I recommend the Camino and Gran Camino. The difference between the two Caminos is this, the Gran Camino is built for heavy riders and tough riding with bigger tyres and bigger motor.

In my days (60s), SCRs and NPN power transistors were the only switching devices available. MOSFETs were just invented but mainly low power, not the power MOSFETs we have in our bikes though. IGBTs were invented in the late 70s so it's about the same maturity as power MOSFETs. Unless we go for...

It could be that the front bag obscurs his view of the road ahead and he hit a large pothole.

MOSFETs have lower ohmic resistance than IGBTs. Wherever high voltage capability is not a critical factor, MOSFETs are cheaper to make, switch faster and waste less heat. This graph compares 30A IGBT (red) against 31A MOSFET (SJMOS, grey)

from your link: (The power scale is log) You can see that MOSFETs are very efficient in the power band 50W-5kW where e-bikes live.

As I am reading our government white paper on post brexit UK that was linked to in your post, many of the points made are so undermining the reasons to leave the EU that it's difficult to believe that this White Paper is from a brexit party. it tries to copy the EU's single market at the moment...

if people knew then that you'll need to queue at the French Embassy all day to get a Schengen visa to go to a meeting, apply 4 months in advance for your pet passport, apply for an International Driving Permit just to hire a car there, pay travel health insurance etc - the vote result might have...

we won't see IGBTs in controllers because our normal power MOSFETs are more energy efficient than IGBTs at 36V-48V range. IGBTs come into interest when your batteries are over 200V.

well said.

You don't need to change the bottom bracket - the axle on the Rio FB is long enough for the Efneo. You will need to replace the current right side pedal sensor with a left side pedal sensor.

a lot more than 0.5% - if it's that low, lockdown wouldn't be justified. The problem is very many people suspect they have got it and it turns out that they haven't. Only 1% of those tested got the lethal virus, 99% got something else. That gives the false impression that Covid is widely spread...

There is not yet a vaccine that is proven to give long lasting immunity so we should expect Covid to be around for a few more years. We'll have local lockdowns instead of nationwide.

it's down to the new FPDPR. Dealing with Huawei is a little bit like dealing with Iranian companies.

my fear is that the US effort to crush Huawei will only make them stronger. They sell widely to other countries outside the US sphere while we wait for Nokia and Ericsson. the US strategy will delay themselves and us further in replacing 4G with 5G. It also creates a commercial void into which...

I take your point and will correct the web page later today when I get to work. in the first year, the Rio MTB had the USB port connected. Then we change the battery factory. Since, none of the USB port got connected as all the lights are powered with AA and AAA batteries to avoid cabling.

it's only a detail but the RST Omega fork is tapered. You can see the shape change at the base of the head tube. It's much wider at the base than at the top. Edit: after the USB port, I have to check to be sure.