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More substances than chemicals where long term harm is concerned, since chemicals break down over time. For example plastics are used in the electrical components and batteries of e-bikes, and they are already causing increasing permanent harm as they break down into microplastics that are...

It was our lax drafting of the EAPC law that commenced the problem since that omitted spelling out how power was to be applied, leaving the door wide open to any method, Elsewhere pedalling applying the power was preferred. Accordingly in May 2003 when the EU passed a mandatory harmonisation...

Two hour long off periods, a maximum of three of those in each 24 hour period, one per eight hours evenly spaced. The times were on a rota so everyone got fair shares of peak usage down times. Of course some of the two hour off times were in middle of the night periods when freezer doors would...

Depending on how they legalise as well as if. The government is on record as saying they would prefer to specify the Continental limit of 20 kph, in line with their intention to retain EU vehicle law. That would scupper e-bike use as an e-scooter. .

P.S. Vidtek. The forum is messing up my answers it did with one of your previous replies. Hence my last answer above being combined with the quote of your proposal. .

No, it is only nonsensical in your weird way of thinking. We have known what a bicycle is since the first Hobby Horse some two hundred years ago, a wheeled mechanical device propelled by a human. Once a motor is added which alone can propel it, it then becomes by commonsense and legal...

I am not and never would. You were obviously unaware that what you were proposing was that the courts introduce new law. That, as I explained, was because there is no definition of a pedelec as a motor vehicle. Adding a throttle and losing the exemption for them remaining bicycles means...

Please see this link Looks like they will be more limited in what they tackle. Seems Performance Line Bearings is unaffected though.

Since I joined this pedelecs forum as the first ever member, this argument about throttles has raged on, uniquely only in Britain because some bad drafting of our original pedelec law left an unintentional loophole. That loophole was closed and it will not reopen. Get used to it, you will never...

The interpretation is limited to defining parliament's intention. No English court can make completely new law, that is parliament's job. The fundamental that you are not understanding is that there is no such thing as a defined vehicle bypassing the 1835 Highway Act called a pedelec, or EAPC...

That bit is wrong. The vehicles you speak of arrived in the 1920s long before Reliant existed, when they were named cyclecars, being very light four wheeled cars. Reliant were able to use that law. Later that class was renamed quadricycles and that is what they remain still today. There...

You'll never get anywhere while you persist with such nonsense. I've clearly spelled out the position for you and it is a rational one common through much of the world, not in way way unique to Britain. Our Courts cannot redefine the law, they can only interpret the original intent, and in...

So you need a motor vehicle, an L1e-A or L1e-B moped class e-bike, but of course they have all the irksome motor vehicle bureaucracy. Theres no getting around this, motor vehicles start when human or animal power stops. It's a matter of definition, the very definition of a bicycle from the...

A torque sensor is the pressure sensor Stuart asks for and many mid drives and some hub motor bikes have them. Neither of you need a throttle, a good torque sensor does exactly what you want. The first pedelec I owned was the original Giant Lafree Twist, quite low powered. But at a...

I counted R as Rex, 103 year old King. :) .

He's not 103 is he? ;) .

Above I've shortened your post to what matters. Those are motor vehicles. Pedelecs are EAPCs, electric assist pedal cycles. They are not motor vehicles. They are bicycles in law and in fact, so are only intended for those who CAN cycle any unpowered bicycle on the flat in still air, to...

Actually they can't reduce their role or sell off their wealth, since they are servants of the State, controlled like puppets by "The Palace", the administrative body which controls their lives and sets their entire year's diary a year in advance. The reason for that is quite simple, the Royals...

It uses the resistance of the tungsten filaments of the bulbs in its timer circuit, so won't work with an LED system. For that you'd need one that had an entirely independent flash frequency timer, but I don't know of one you can buy. Some newer cars will have them incorporated. .

You make the mistake of connecting true quality of life to wealth, the most miserable people I've met in my life have been the most wealthy. The life of our King or Queen is certainly not a hard one, but it's without doubt their duties and meeting large numbers of people they wouldn't choose to...