The only way to get that high a speed is to increase the voltage, your 51mph seems to be a mistake of some sort. I'll try to explain the physics.
The voltage applied drives the motor forward, as the motor turns it acts as a generator.
The voltage generated opposes the forward (supplied) voltage.
The voltage felt by the motor is the supplied voltage minus the generated voltage, this motor voltage reduces as the motor accelerates.
When the forward voltage equals the back voltage the motor reaches it's no load speed, at this speed the motor produces no power.
The motor has a performance constant that you can use to determine how fast it will spin for a given applied voltage, this is measured in volts/rpm and is solely determined by the motor design.
If your motor was reaching 51mph and it might be possible then the controller must have been increasing the voltage beyond the supply (battery) Voltage. To do this there must have been an element of something called resonance in the way it was been run, its like feedback on a guitar.
This resonance must have been multiplying the voltage but in an inductive/capacitive circuit were resonance is produced there is a phase difference between the voltage and the current.
So you may have had high voltage, which would give a high no load speed, but the current would either lead or lag behind giving little power.
Power output (Pout) = Current (I) x Generated voltage (EMFback)
If your motor has a 24mph no load speed at 36volts then the voltage being generated by the motor should be approaching -36volts at 24mph, at 51mph the motor would be generating about 76volts.
Altering the controller design will only allow higher speeds when it allows the controller to produce more power at higher speeds.
For instance the speed limiter on the mark one Torques allowed higher speed when removed. The controllers use pulse width modulators, appling short power pulses to the motor gives low speed, long pulses for high speed.
The speed limiters do not directly limit current, they limit maximum pulse width, and hence the power particularly at high speed.
I seem to remember you were considering running the motor at 48v. On E-bike.ca they advertise the motor as been a 24 to 48v motor.
If your going to over volt the motor it's not going to be the voltage that damages it but the current, most controllers have a maximum current rating some have limiters as well, it depends what you have.
If my explanations a little ropey I apologise it's a fair time since I learnt it, hopefully some one will be able to expand on it.