Back on Topic
The Efficiency of an Electric Bike.
Well, the first thing is to keep rolling resistance on the flat to a minimum. This means highest quality bearings, AND no residual resitance in a hub mo0tor when no power is applied - not obvious but a significant factor in efficient motor design.
Secondly, when power is applied, a major impact on efficiency is what happens when that power is applied. Worn cogs in the motor, or a slow battery or motor response, add up to significant wastage of battery power.
Thirdly the power profile (Amps vs time vs speed) can be highly inefficient, effectively wasting Wh with no or marginal improvement in user expereince.
Fourthly, power may be applied without need during a ride. Reducing amps judiciously to encourage modest pedalling is good both for battery and human longevity.
Fiftly, a battery may be abused by high amp demands without warning, just to fulfil some theoreticians imagined 'need for speed'. A slower ramp is better for the battery and produces a longer range.
Sixthly, what the BMS does when a cell is failing to step up to the mark (as they all do randomnly) makes a huge impact on the range. Alloowing cells to rest, and detecting hotspots early, is critical to larger ranges for given Wh-age.
I could go on. There is no magic here. Just detail attention to the results of analysis of many real world trips to tweak the controller in a way which is optimal for a particular clien't needs, or even for a particular journey, or even in stages up a particular hill (so elegantly implemented for the skilled ebike rider on the new Stork Raader).
There is more I could add, and some of it is commercially sensitive. But it means our bikes can consistently meet the 7-8Wh/mile target, or 40+ miles, or 3+ hours at 12+mph.
Hope this helps - I have not invented Wh out of nowhere - just focussed on the engineering of how best to use a good battery and and a good motor. The magic lies in the software....