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Two thousand years of history shows you are spectacularly wrong. The nations of Europe alone have never been able to unite, until the post WW2 unification project was started. I didn't see it at the time, I've been out most of the day as is often the case. I'm not in here all the time, far...

No it didn't, and neither did 1945. Fascism has always existed, long before the word was created, and it still exists now. What the EU in all its stages of evolution has done in Europe is restrain its development and limit its return. The commencement of unification after WW2 was an...

The hold on Fascism has been due to all stages of the unity, from the Coal and Steel Federation formed after WW2, through the Economic Community (Common Market) to the present day steps towards EU federalisation. The two political extremes and especially Fascism bring war, and Europe has had...

Their national governments. Just as here in the UK, they make the EU the whipping boy for all the things their populations don't like. Everything that's wrong, blame the EU. We have a microcosm of that in here with Zlatan, who blames the EU for everything wrong, despite most of the things he...

I think we're all agreed on this, and even worse, a House of Commons and two major parties that can't internally reach agreement either. We really do need a major clear out. .

Of course we have no written constitution, only a vague understanding on what is normal. A Queen's Speech is only to give royal assent to a government's program, but with Brexit on hold there is no definite program until that is resolved. The Brexit circumstance is exceptional, basically a...

I don't think this arises. The Queen's speech is for the opening of a new parliament. Since her permission has to be sought to form a new government and she has the authority to prorogue (close down) any parliament, effectively she can only delay herself. .

Combine it with Retro-Direct transmission and you could have a two gear pedelec, pedal forwards for high gear and motor, or pedal backwards for low gear and motor! Or four gears with two chainrings as here: Explanation link .

I hadn't remembered that you had the Xion motor Paul. The warranty information I gave was for the Impulse and Evo motors that most Kalkhoffs had, and they are from a different maker. I don't know the warranty policy of the makers of the Xion. Hopefully it will be as good. .

I agree, the hard right is ugly wherever it appears. I thought you'd spend longer in mourning after West Ham beat Spurs? Bad result, Harry out injured yet again. .

Congratulations on this result Paul. According to 50cycles who were the agents for Kalkhoff until recently, each replacement Impulse or Evo motor gets a fresh two year warranty from Kalkhoff. This was introduced to deal with the unreliability that had resulted in some having more than one...

Agreed, but the cyclist's speed usually does materially change the scale of injuries from the accident. Also one of the most common collisions motorcyclists suffer is the same as for bikes, vehicles pulling out in front of or turning across them due to not seeing them coming. I think saying...

I was hoping it used a base charger since that would have made the third battery connection the one for the battery's thermistor. I don't know the unit's connections on these, the third one could be for temperature regulation or other monitoring. With NiCad or NiMh batteries it's usually best...

That's a Yamaha crank motor Pete, not a hub motor which are in wheel motors. These used NiCad batteries for a while and later NiMh batteries, if yours really is 15 years old probably the latter. NiCad batteries are no longer made for environmental reasons and it's difficult to source good...

He started up in 1983 and exactly 20 years later Harley Davdson bought his company and continued to make Buells for 6 years before shutting down Buell in October 2009 to concentrate on their own brand. In November 2009 Eric restarted Buell making some racing machines and a road version, but...

I've no idea what they are doing in Toronto, but this clearly isn't true this side of the pond. One of the most common collisions here is cars pulling out or turning across cyclist paths, the drivers having not seen the cyclists. At 12 mph or less the cyclist can stop or doesn't have a severe...

Indeed. This brings up the proposition that one can completely renew an e-bike by replacing parts as repairs over time, eventually even the frame if and when it breaks! Trigger's broom, if you remember "Only Fools and Horses". .

They are far from being ill thought out and almost identical law is in force in most of the pedelec world, from Europe eastwards through to Australia. The carefully thought out basis is that they must remain bicycles to be not considered motor vehicles. It follows that progress is by...

No surprise to me. The Beeb is firmly a part of the establishment, the establishment is pro EU membership, so the Beeb projects that view. But that report was based on radio and TV shows so very biased. The BBC coverage in their news bulletins has been very fair to the anti-EU side, indeed...

These were very popular in the UK in the 1950s, reaching over one million on the roads. Since they needed a motor cycle licence, registration, road tax, insurance etc., the arrival of Vespa and Lambretta scooters in the mid 1950s killed them off. .