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Motors only get hot when they get slowed down under load. As long as you keep your cadence up, say 60 or more, it'll be OK.

It's something much more substantial than that. It has one of those massive battery compartments and it has some sort of direct chain or belt drive. Look at the size of the sprocket on the back. I think it's a Sun-ron. https://www.electricbike.com/sur-ron/

Yes, but if you didn't buy it with the controller, check the wire sequence when it comes.

A 48v 20Ah LiFePO4 battery would be too heavy for a bicycle.

The only sure way is to chuck all the electrics except the battery and motor and replace them with a non-restricted controller set. That will require some soldering and wiring. If your bike has the torque sensor, you'll lose that and have to fit a conventional pedal sensor. The new controller...

Isn't the surging the normal speed cut-off at 15 mph? A lot of older bikes do that.

The Tonaros have standard ebike electrics, so you can use any replacement parts. You're not stuck with Tonaro. You can upgrade the controller and battery to 48v to get 30% more speed and power, and at the same time get a much better control system and smoother motor. Obviously, if you run at...

Some modern bicycles have through-axles like a motorbike. The frames or forks are characterised by having a hole for the axle instead of a drop-out. You can only fit hub-motors in axles with drop-outs. The type of axle makes no difference with a crank or chain motor. It makes no difference...

That resistor often gets hot. It can tolerate a bit of burning. It gets hottest when something is wrong, like a short on the 5V, which can be in the throttle, on the PAS, a motor hall sensor, etc. Misconnection of any of the 5v devices could do that, like if you had the wrong connection sequence...

You're barking up the wrong tree. A new controller will not fix a PAS that is apparently not switching. You confirmed that it had a 5v supply. That's all the controller needs to do. If you had done the tests I suggested, you would have an answer to your problem. They're simple. 1. Check that...

The number of ebikes you need is n+1 where n is the number you already own.

The BMS does its balancing whether you have it switched on or not. The balancing is analogous to a row of buckets with small holes drilled an inch down from the top of the rim. When you fill them up, water will drain out of the holes until they're all at the same level.

That's absolutely not true. It makes no difference whether you have a hub or crank motor. You can get both that give enough power to drive a bike at 100mph. You just need to choose a motor that can sustain the speed you want. What he means is that the hub-motors he sells won't stand up to...

Did you check that the connector has black to black and red to red wires?

You need to turn the pedals really slowly to test it and see the 5v switching on and off. If it still doesn't switch, remove the signal wire pin from the connector and test it unconnected. To do that, you have to insert a tiny jewellers screwdriver or a sewing needle into the slot adjacent to...

36v = 10S 48v = 13S 60v = 16S 72v = 18S Speedict Neptune 15 is a 15S smart BMS. it's quite expensive, but has some very useful features: https://www.speedict.com/product-page/neptune-15

A fuse is only necessary without a BMS. For batteries, many of us have been through everything that you're thinking about. It's a good learning experience, but being honest, it's a lot of messing about for little reward. you end up with stuff all over the place and something that is nearly...

Take my advice and fit a BMS. It makes it plug and play. You risk bricking your pack without one, even with cell monitoring. There's nothing wrong with BMSs. Everybody uses them. They're in every ebike you can buy. The balancing system is designed for a little and often. That's all that's...

I don't understand companies like Cytronex. They could easily provide a service for replacement batteries. All they need to do is get the old battery from the customer and use Jimmy to return it and send it back to the customer and charge £400. They make £100. The customer is happy and sticks...

That's right, but it shouldn't be a consideration because it's a continuing situation. There will always be something better in the pipeline.