The only relevant difference is one of muscle tone.
Within normal bounds, our muscles develop to carry and move about our weight at any point in time, so a gradual weight gain is automatically compensated.
There is no equivalent compensation for bike weight of course, so a gain of X kilos on a bike or on our bodies are very different. The first affects performance, the second doesn't, unless the body weight moves into the more obese zone where the muscles can no longer keep up.
Losing body weight can lose some muscle power over time due to the same compensation factor, so again there's not necessarily any performance gain. However, those losing weight often achieve that by additional exercise, so there can be a performance gain in that circumstance due to the exercise increasing muscle strength.
Carrying dead weight in a rucksack has no benefit, it's still dead weight just like any in panniers. However, there is another factor which cannot be ignored. Some prefer to carry weight on their body in a rucksack and the psychological benefit of doing it that way can easily produce the extra effort needed to compensate. The extra work is still being done but its not being felt.
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